In the second episode of "Before it's too late", the topic of choice is infertility following an interview with Dr. Dimitrios Goulis - an OBGYN doctor who specializes in infertility treatment.

For more information about Dr. Dimitrios Goulis, please check out his clinic's website and Instagram page by clicking the links below!

Website: https://www.drgoulis.gr/en/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/healthclinicdrgoulis/?hl=en

Timestamps
0:00 - Introduction
0:12 - Episode overview
0:37 - Episode structure: Three big questions
0:54 - Definition of infertility
1:13 - WHO definition
2:06 - Question: Is infertility a problem?
2:16 - Infertility statistics
3:23 - Dr. Goulis's perspective on infertility
4:28 - Causes of infertility
5:00 - Lifestyle factors
5:12 - Frequency of sexual intercourse
5:38 - Diet and exercise impact
6:02 - Alcohol effects
6:19 - Stress and anxiety impact
6:59 - Obesity and fertility
7:23 - Smoking and drugs impact
7:32 - Chemical exposure
7:39 - STD impact on fertility
8:01 - Pelvic inflammatory disease
9:00 - Medical treatments for infertility
9:14 - Female fertility treatments
9:37 - Male infertility treatments
9:57 - Assisted reproductive technology (ART)
10:27 - Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
10:48 - In vitro fertilization (IVF)
11:06 - IVF success rates
11:15 - Dr. Goulis's insights on IVF
12:19 - UK IVF study results
12:46 - Pregnancy vs. birth rates
13:54 - Egg/sperm preservation
14:56 - Episode summary

Reference
- Smith, A. D. A. C., Tilling, K., Nelson, S. M., & Lawlor, D. A. (2015). Live-birth rate associated with repeat in vitro fertilisation treatment cycles. JAMA, 314(24), 2654. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2015.17296
- Treatment for infertility - NHS. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2024, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/infertility/treatment/
- Goulart, A. C. X., Farnezi, H. C. M., Medeiros França, J. P. B., dos Santos, A., Ramos, M. G., & Penna, M. L. F. (2020). HIV, HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis: impacts on male fertility. JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 24(4), 492. https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20200020
- Excess weight may affect sperm production, reduce fertility in men | News | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2024, from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/excess-weight-sperm-fertility/
- Jóźków, P., & Mȩdraś, M. (2012). Psychological stress and the function of male gonads. Endokrynologia Polska, 63(1), 44–49.
- Mascarenhas, M. N., Flaxman, S. R., Boerma, T., Vanderpoel, S., & Stevens, G. A. (2012). National, Regional, and Global Trends in Infertility Prevalence Since 1990: A Systematic Analysis of 277 Health Surveys. PLOS Medicine, 9(12), e1001356. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PMED.1001356
- vander Borght, M., & Wyns, C. (2018). Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology. Clinical Biochemistry, 62, 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CLINBIOCHEM.2018.03.012


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